What is I/O Virtualization (IOV)?

There are various forms of virtualization with some being much more popular than others. For example:

• Server Virtualization (we all know this one) - consolidating physical servers into virtual server that run on many fewer physical servers
• Desktop Virtualization - virutalizing desktops and running them on servers
• Network Virtualization - creating virtual networks inside the software that don't require any physical network hardware (a must-have for server virtualization)

No matter the type of virtualization, the idea is that you are "decoupling the software from the hardware", making the software hardware independent. There are more benefits to virtualization than I have space to write in this article but, trust me, it's "good stuff".
Instead, let's talk about a topic that has been fascinating me lately and that is I/O Virtualization (or IOV).
What is I/O Virtualization?
Just as you decouple an operating system from the hardware with server virtualization, you decouple network and storage communications from it's typical hardware cable path, network/storage switches, and network/storage adaptors with I/O Virtualization.
In my opinion, understanding IOV can best be described with pictures and math.
Here is how the typical server datacenter "does IO" today:

With traditional I/O, EVERY server has:

• Network - between 1-4+ Ethernet network connections that require individual NICs, Ethernet cables, and switch ports
• SAN - a large majority of servers are redundantly connected to a fibre channel (FC) SAN that requires individual HBAs, FC cables, and FC switch ports

If you have 6 connections per server and 100 servers, you are talking about 600 connections - that's a lot.
The theory with IOV is to take a single cable (or two if you want redundancy) and consolidate all the network and SAN connections onto that single, high-speed cable (does it sound similar to consolidating many smaller servers onto a single high-capacity server?).
Here's what it would look like:

Notice the huge reduction in network and storage cabling. That reduction is going to save you money in network and FC switches as well as time spent managing and troubleshooting all that cabling.
I like it because it just makes things simple and that's how thing should be in a datacenter.
In this graphic, you'll find some additional benefits of IOV:

As the slide points out, physical adapters are now virtual adapters but they work just as the traditional physical adapters would.